Cold air intake is the way to go
You are on a good start, but if you removed just the air box then you could get into more problems. The air tube from the air box to the throttle body is rubber. Unless you installed a plastic extender that fits the inside diameter of the intake tube and attached the air filter to the rest of the plastic extender, you will have gaps which will cause problems. So clamping an air filter cone to the rubber tube will most likely fall off when driving.
Also the air cone will be sucking up hot air, very hot air. When I installed something similar, which is called a short arm intake system, the temperature difference to a cold air intake system was as much as 10 degrees Celsius. I would suggest getting a cold air intake system for the Aveo. They do make them and sell them on eBay. It will require you to remove the temperature sensor which glued onto the rubber intake tube. It will also require you to take out a large box that sits in front of the wheel well and is that black object that protrudes from the circular hole you see when you pull out the original air box.
Good luck.