Im amazed nobody else has chimed in, I am not a proffessional either!
Camber is the angle of the tire in relation to the road's surface. Its difficult to explain, but if you give your car negative camber, it will make the top of the tire point more inward to the car and the bottom of the tire more outward. Done CORRECTLY can give your car the ability to turn better, Incorrectly will result in making your car look stupid, as well as hindering braking, accelerating, and abnormal/costly tire wear. Google is your best friend. type in Negative Camber and images will show up with some good and bad examples of this modification.
Shocks and struts are two different things, shocks are actually called dampers but we Americans always like to screw with the english language. In the front of alot of cars, the shock and strut normally comes as an assembly, whereas the rear normally comes with just a shock.
Hopefully someone can hit what I have missed and add to what I have said. Hope this helps